Piwowar-Manning E, Fogel JM, Laeyendecker O, Wolf S, Cummings V, Marzinke M, Clarke W, Breaud A, Wendel S, Wang L, Swanson P, Hackett J, Jr., Mannheimer S, del Rio C, Kuo I, Harawa NT, Koblin BA, Moore R, Blankson JN, Eshleman SH. Failure to identify HIV-infected individuals in a clinical trial using a single HIV rapid test for screening. HIV Clin Trials. 2014, 15: 62-8. PMC4167641
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: In the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 study, 8 (2.3%) of 348 HIV-infected participants identified as HIV uninfected at study enrollment using a single HIV rapid test for screening were found to be HIV infected after additional testing. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of different HIV assays for detection of HIV infection in HPTN 061 participants with missed infection and individuals with viral suppression. METHODS: Plasma samples from 8 HPTN 061 participants, 17 elite controllers, and 101 individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) were tested for HIV with 3 rapid tests, 2 laboratory-based immunoassays, and a Western blot assay. The HPTN 061 samples were also tested with 2 HIV RNA assays and an antiretroviral drug assay. RESULTS: Of the 8 HPTN 061 participants with missed infection, 1 was an elite controller, 1 was taking ART, 2 were missed because of testing or clerical errors, 1 had recent HIV infection (identified using a multi-assay algorithm), and 3 had acute HIV infection. Two (1.7%) of 118 individuals with viral suppression (both taking ART) had at least 1 false-negative test. CONCLUSIONS: In clinical trials, HIV infections can be missed for a variety of reasons. Using more than one assay to screen for HIV infection may reduce the number of missed infections.